What is Arduino Uno board and its types?

Arduino is a programmable gadgets that uses the Software to communicate the external hardware. 

Other electronic devices, screens, speakers, lights, sensors and actuators are the example of the hardware that can be. 

linked to an Arduino, they can be wirelessly or through cords attached to the Arduino. 

There are many types of the Arduino board - 

Arduino Uno R4 Minima

Arduino Uno R4 WiFi

Arduino Uno R3

Arduino Leonardo

Arduino Uno Mini Limied edition

Arduino Micro

Arduino Zero

Arduino Uno WiFi Rev2

What is Arduino Uno board R3

But Arduino Uno R3 is the best microcontroller board for everyone. 

Arduino Uno is a ATmega328P microcontroller based development board. This is widely popular in embedded electronics because of the available resources and easy to use by everyone features.  

As a microcontroller board, this device is finely cut and masterly designed to withstand a variety of circumstances. 
It typifies new age electronics no matter what you are, say, robotics, IoT, home automation or creative automation projects. It can gravitate towards the function that you need. 

The plug and play design, along with a user friendly interface, makes it easy to use, even for those new to arduino. 

It has 14 digital input/output pins where 6 pins can be configured and used as PWM ouput and 6 as analog input is a great addition for I/O related operations, a 16MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. 

It contain everything needed to support the microcontroller, simply connect it to a computer or pc with a usb cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter to get started.

It includes a LED that can be useful in multiple application or to test the board functionality .

you can use tinker your arduino uno board without worrying too much about doing something wrong, worst case scenario you can replace the microcontroller chip for a few rupees and start over again. 

so you don't worry and use it. tinker cad is the best platform for learning arduino project and  This application is very easy just upload the code and run. 

Each of the 14 digital pins on the uno board can be used as an input or out, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() function. 

These operate at 5volts. Each pin can provide or receive 20mA as recommeded operating condition and has an internal pull-up resistor of 20-50k Ohm.

A maximum of 40mA is the value that must not be exceeded on any I/O pin to avoid permanent damage to your arduino baord. 

The ATmega328P has 32KB flash memory. and It also has 2KB of SRAM and 1KB of EEPROM. 
The Arduino board can be powered via the USB connection or with and external power supply. The power source is selected automatically.

External power :-
External power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm centre-positive plug into the board's power jack.

Leads from a battery can be inserted in the GND and Vin pin headers of the Power connecter. 

The board can operate on an external power supply from 6v to 12v. If supplied with less than 7volt , however, the 5v pin may supply less than 5v and the board may become unstable. 

and If using more than 12v, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage your board. so the recommended voltage range are 7v to 12v. 

The power pins are as follow :-

Vin - 

The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's usin an external power source. You can supply voltage through this pin. 

3v3 - 

This pin 3.3v supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw is 50mA. 

GND - This pin is Ground Pin. 

5v - 

This pin outputs a regulated 5v from the regulator on the board. Suppling voltage via the 5v or 3.3v pins bypass the relulator and can damage your arduino board. So don't try this. 

Some pins specialized functions :-

External interrupts - 

2 and 3 pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. 

Serial - 

0(RX) and 1(TX) used to receive and transmit TTL serial data. 
These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega16u2 USB-toTTL Serial chip. 

SPI - 

10(SS), 11(MOSI), 12(MISO) and 13(SCK) pins support SPI communication using the SPI library. 

PWM - 

3, 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11 pins are provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function. 

LED - 

There is a built-in LED drive by digital pin 13. When on the 13 pin is HIGH value, the Led is ON and When the value is low on the 13 pin , Led is off. 

TWI - 

A4 (SDA) and A5 (SCL) pins support TWI communication using The Wire library. 
The UNO has 6 Analog inputs, labeled A0 to A5, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution. 

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